AMR dict

AMR Annotation Dictionary last updated on Sat Dec 19, 2020 at 19:04:20

Alphabetical Index

Quick access: Type the first letter(s) of a topic to jump to it (just type, not into any particular text box). Press the enter key to return to this top of the page.
List of topics: a abbreviation about :accompanier according to address adverb :age ago aircraft vs. aircraft-type (NE type) all alternate form amr-choice amr-empty amr-unintelligible amr-unknown and angle-quantity anti- anyway approximately argument raising article as as ... as at be :beneficiary between binding-affinity-91 bio appendix but by byline-91 :calendar can :cause child citation comparative :compared-to compass direction :concession :condition confidence interval :consist-of contrast-01 copula correlate-91 :cost could cycles date-entity date-interval :degree degrees :destination direct speech :direction disfluency disputed and tricky GPEs distribution-range-91 :domain downtoner :duration early east else email emoticon :employed-by :era ex :example exclamation :extent figure for former fraction :frequency from guidelines happen have have-degree-91 have-degree-of-resemblance-91 have-org-role-91 have-quant-91 have-rel-role-91 how however hyperlink-91 if imperative implied argument implied relation in include-91 inference instead-of-91 :instrument intensifier interjection language last late less :li light verb construction link list item :location -ly :manner mathematical operator may May :meaning :medium might :mod modal adverbs and adjectives modal verbs :mode more more like ... than ... most multiple choice question multi-sentence must :name named entity negation next no nominal relative clause north occur of on once or :ord ordinal otherwise over own :part partner past :path per percent pertainym phone-number-entity phrasal verbs please plural :polarity :polite political-movement political-party :poss pragmatics predicates preposition product-of pronoun publication-91 punctuation :purpose :quant quantifiers and scope quantity question raising rate-entity-91 rather ratio-of really reason reflexive pronouns regardless-91 reification relative clause relative-position request-confirmation-91 respectively role 's say-01 :scale score shall shortcuts should so :source south spelling standard street-address-91 string-entity :subevent :subset suffix sum-of superlative :superset support verbs table tag question take place tense that the the X-er the Y-er therefore through :time times :timezone to too :topic transferred negation truth-value typo unless url-entity :value value-interval videos visualization vocative void frames vulgarity west when whether while wh-question :wiki will with within without would yes yes-no question ! " $ % ( - : ? @ ± ‎(193 topics + 67 sub-topics)

article (follow the link for more info)
- The earthquake caused a tsunami. [AMR 1.2 generally does not represent articles.] (cause-01 :ARG0 earthquake :ARG1 tsunami) Example
  
  Example: The earthquake caused a tsunami. [isi_0002.378]
  (c / cause-01
  :ARG0 (e / earthquake)
  :ARG1 (t / tsunami))
list item (ID) (:li)
- (a) Background (background :li "a") Example
  
  Example: (a) Background [isi_0002.114]
  (b / background
  :li "a")

:mod

Group A: (1) Germany (2) Brazil (3) Italy (4) Argentina (group :mod "A") Example

Figure 6a (figure :mod "6a") Example

Example: Figure 6a [isi_0002.564]
(f / figure
:mod "6a")
Similarly: Appendix A, Class A, Figure A, Gate A, Group A, Section A, Terminal A, Type A

score (grade "A")

She got an A- in math. (score-on-scale-91 :ARG1 "A-") Example

string-entity (string of characters incl. letters, words, phrases, symbols)

The adulteress was required to wear a scarlet "A" on her dress. (wear-01 :ARG1 (string-entity :value "A") :location dress) Example

In English, "a" is a very common word. (word :mod common :domain (string-entity :value "a")) Example

named entity

A. Lincoln (person :wiki "Abraham_Lincoln" :name (name :op1 "A." :op2 "Lincoln")) Example

Example: A. Lincoln [isi_0002.697]
(p / person
     :wiki "Abraham_Lincoln"
     :name (n / name
          :op1 "A."
          :op2 "Lincoln"))
vitamin A (small-molecule :wiki "Vitamin_A" :name (name :op1 "vitamin" :op2 "A")) Example

Example: vitamin A [isi_0002.698]
(s / small-molecule
     :wiki "Vitamin_A"
     :name (n / name
          :op1 "vitamin"
          :op2 "A"))

a waltz in A-flat major (waltz :mod (music-key :name (name :op1 "A-flat" :op2 "major"))) Example

Mahler's Symphony No. 6 in A minor (symphony :mod (music-key :name (name :op1 "A" :op2 "minor"))) Example

The oboe played an A for the orchestra to tune to. (play-11 :ARG1 (musical-note :name (name :op1 "A")) :ARG2 oboe) Example

Let a be the number of anions. (equal-01 :ARG1 (variable :name (name :op1 "a")) :ARG2 (number :quant-of anion)) Example

He works for AFP. (publication :wiki "Agence_France-Presse" :name (name :op1 "AFP")) Example

abbreviation (when not part of a named entity)

DH needed treatment at A&E after the attack. (department :topic (and :op1 accident :op2 emergency)) Example

The MiG-25 fired an AAM at the Predator. (missile :source air :destination air) Example

abbreviation

Abbreviations are generally expanded.

The CEO of Oshkosh Corp. talked about IEDs on TV. (talk-01 :ARG0 (officer :mod chief :mod executive) :ARG1 (device ...) :medium television) Example

IDK if he's str8. (know-01 :polarity - :ARG0 i :ARG1 (truth-value :polarity-of (straight-05 :ARG1 he))) Example

Superbowl ad rates increased again. (rate :mod advertise-01) Example

12 fl.oz. of misc. bevs (beverage :mod miscellaneous :quant (volume-quantity :quant 12 :unit fluid-ounce)) Example

DH needed treatment at A&E after the attack. (department :topic (and :op1 accident :op2 emergency)) Example

The MiG-25 fired an AAM at the Predator. (missile :source air :destination air) Example

Exception: In proper names, abbreviations are not expanded. (Common names are canonicalized by their wikification.)

western countries (e.g. the UK, the USA and France) (and :op1 (country :wiki "United_Kingdom" :name (name :op1 "UK")) :op2 (country :wiki "United_States" :name (name :op1 "USA"))) Example

USC Prof. Z. Meyer lives in LA, Calif. (city :wiki "Los_Angeles" :name (name :op1 "LA") :location (state :wiki "California" :name (name :op1 "Calif."))) Example

Specific abbreviations

DD dear daughter
DH dear husband
DS dear son
ETA estimated time of arrival or edited to add
IED improvised explosive device
NGO non-government organization
OP original poster

related topic spelling standard (American English)
related topic alternate form ("80 kilometers or 50 miles")
related topic :wiki (wikification)

about

approximately

about 10 miles (about :op1 (distance-quantity :quant 10 :unit mile)) Example

Example: about 10 miles [isi_0001.35]
(a / about
     :op1 (d / distance-quantity
          :quant 10
          :unit (m / mile)))

It rained for about 20 minutes. (rain-01 :duration (about :op1 (temporal-quantity :quant 20 :unit minute))) Example

I saw about 30 pelicans. (see-01 :ARG0 i :ARG1 (pelican :quant (about :op1 30))) Example

:ARG1
- They talked about the weather. (talk-01 :ARG1 weather) Example
  
  Example: They talked about the weather. [isi_0002.322]
  (t / talk-01
  :ARG0 (t2 / they)
  :ARG1 (w / weather))
:topic
- There is no information about the case. (information :topic case-03) Example
  
  Example: There is no information about the case . [isi_0002.43]
  (i / information
  :polarity -
  :topic (c / case-03))
:time (about to)
- Classes are about to start. (start-01 :time about-to) Example
  
  Example: Classes are about to start. [isi_0002.364]
  (s / start-01
  :ARG1 (c / class)
  :time (a / about-to))

:accompanier

The mayor arrived with a police escort. (arrive-01 :accompanier escort) Example

according to

say-01

According to government sources, the killing happened yesterday. (say-01 :ARG0 source :ARG1 kill-01) Example

address

street-address-91

1600 Pennsylvania Ave, Washington, DC 20006 (street-address-91 :ARG1 1600 :ARG2 road :ARG4 city :ARG5 state :ARG6 zip) Example

email-address-entity
- president@whitehouse.gov (email-address-entity :value "president@whitehouse.gov") Example
  
  Example: president@whitehouse.gov [isi_0002.11]
  (e / email-address-entity
  :value "president@whitehouse.gov")

adverb

Most adverbs ending in -ly are mapped to their core concepts.

The boy sang very beautifully. (sing-01 :ARG0 boy :ARG1-of beautiful-02) Example

Example: The boy sang very beautifully. [isi_0002.35]
(s / sing-01
     :ARG0 (b / boy)
     :ARG1-of (b2 / beautiful-02
          :degree (v / very)))

Carthage was utterly destroyed. (destroy-01 :ARG1 Carthage :ARG1-of utter-02) Example

recently discovered animals (animal :ARG1-of (discover-01 :time recent)) Example

Example: recently discovered animals [isi_0002.525]
(a / animal
:ARG1-of (d / discover-01
:time (r / recent)))
Do you really think so? [really = in actual fact = real, in this case] (think :ARG0 you :ARG1 so :ARG1-of real-04) Example

Example: Do you really think so? [isi_0002.527]
(t / think-01
     :polarity (a / amr-unknown)
     :ARG0 (y / you)
     :ARG1 (s / so)
     :ARG1-of (r / real-04))

He truly believes that he is invincible. [truly = in actual fact = it is really true that ..., in this case] (believe-01 :ARG0 he :ARG1 invincible :ARG1-of true-01) Example

behaviorally modern humans (human :ARG0-of (behave-01 :manner modern)) Example

Example: behaviorally modern humans [isi_0002.526]
(h / human
:ARG0-of (b / behave-01
:ARG1-of (m / modern-02)))

Exception: -ly is kept if the word has a substantially distinct meaning.

He could hardly breathe. [hardly ≠ hard] (possible-01 :degree hardly :ARG1 breathe-01) Example

Example: He could hardly breathe. [isi_0002.522]
(p / possible-01
     :degree (h / hardly)
     :ARG1 (b / breathe-01
          :ARG0 (h2 / he)))
The boy is likely to go. [likely ≠ like] (likely-01 :ARG1 go-02) Example

Example: The boy is likely to go. [isi_0001.10]
(l / likely-01
:ARG1 (g / go-02
:ARG0 (b / boy)))
That's a really big fish. [really = very ≠ real, in this case] (fish :mod (big :degree really) :domain that) Example

Example: That's a really big fish. [isi_0002.528]
(f / fish
     :mod (b / big
          :degree (r / really))
     :domain (t / that))

That was a truly dreadful presentation. [truly = very/completely, in this case] (presentation :ARG1-of (dreadful-02 :degree truly)) Example

China was especially angry. [especially ≠ special] (anger-01 :ARG1 China :degree especially) Example

Exception: quantity modifiers

approximately 25 to 30 percent (approximately :op1 (between :op1 (percentage-entity :value 25) :op2 (percentage-entity :value 30))) Example

roughly $10,000 (roughly :op1 (monetary-quantity :quant 10000 :unit dollar)) Example

Example: roughly $10,000 [isi_0002.221]
(r / roughly
     :op1 (m / monetary-quantity
          :quant 10000
          :unit (d / dollar)))
nearly 300 books (book :quant (nearly :op1 300)) Example

Example: nearly 300 books [isi_0002.222]
(b / book
:quant (n / nearly
:op1 300))

Exceptions include words where -ly is part of the core concept: early, holy, only

Exceptions include adjectives where the -ly adds to the meaning of the underlying noun such as: costly, friendly, lonely, lovely, timely

Exceptions include adverbs that don't have a clear mapping: accordingly

Exception: kindly can be expressed as :polite +

Would you kindly close the door? (close-01 :mode imperative :polite +) Example

Example: Would you kindly close the door? [isi_0002.298]
(c / close-01
     :mode imperative
     :polite +
     :ARG0 (y / you)
     :ARG1 (d / door))

related topic approximately
related topic :degree (intensifier)
related topic :polite (kindly)
related topic really

:age

used with temporal-quantity

They lobbied Congress to repeal the 15-year-old law. (law :age (temporal-quantity :quant 15 :unit year)) Example

My grandmother is 85. [age-01 is the reification of :age] (age-01 :ARG1 grandmother :ARG2 temporal-quantity) Example

Note: An age must always be a temporal-quantity ("85 years"), not just a number ("85"). (ID)

related role :mod (no temporal-quantity)

The old man died of lung cancer. (man :mod old) Example

ago

He retired five years ago. (retire-01 :time (before :op1 now :quant temporal-quantity)) Example

aircraft vs. aircraft-type (NE type)

aircraft

Lindbergh crossed the Atlantic in the Spirit of St. Louis. [The name of an individual aircraft.] (aircraft :name (name :op1 "Spirit" :op2 "of" :op3 "St." :op4 "Louis")) Example

aircraft-type

The Airbus A380 seats up to 853 passengers. [Most references to aircraft are in fact to aircraft-type.] (aircraft-tpye :name (name :op1 "Airbus" :op2 "A380")) Example

all

quantifier :mod all

AMR does not yet have a deep representation for quantifiers. It only canonicalizes their position.
All the boys left. [= The boys all left. = Each of the boys left.] (leave-01 :ARG0 (boy :mod all)) Example

Example: All the boys left. [isi_0002.396]
(l / leave-11
:ARG0 (b / boy
:mod (a / all)))

The company paid $20,000 in return for the release of all claims. (claim-02 :mod all) Example

:degree all

The girl was all alone. (alone :degree all :domain girl) Example

Example: The girl was all alone. [isi_0002.460]
(a / alone
:degree (a2 / all)
:domain (g / girl))

multiword expressions

physicists from all over the world (physicists :source (all-over :op1 world)) Example

Example: physicists from all over the world [isi_0002.459]
(p / physicist
:source (a / all-over
:op1 (w / world)))

He told me that he can't come after all. (possible-01 :polarity - :concession after-all :ARG1 come-01) Example

After all, he is still my brother. (have-rel-role-91 :ARG0 he :ARG1 I :ARG2 brother :concession after-all) Example

But: after all these years (after :op1 (year :mod all :mod this)) Example

Example: after all these years [isi_0002.458]
(a / after
     :op1 (y / year
          :mod (t / this)
          :mod (a2 / all)))
The boy was not injured at all. (injure-01 :polarity - :ARG1 boy :degree at-all) Example

Example: The boy was not injured at all. [isi_0002.454]
(i / injure-01
     :polarity -
     :ARG1 (b / boy)
     :degree (a / at-all))

He wanted to win at all cost. (want-01 :degree at-all-cost) Example

You all are dead wrong. [second person plural pronoun] (wrong-04 :ARG1 y-outall :degree dead) Example

Example: You all are dead wrong . [wb.eng_0003.52]
(w / wrong-04
     :ARG1 (y / you
          :mod (a / all))
     :degree (d / dead))

related topic quantifiers and scope

alternate form drop semantically redundant text

Drop alternate quantity with different unit

The explosion occured 80 kilometers (50 miles) south of Moscow. (distance-quantity :quant 80 :unit kilometer) Example

The explosion occured 80 kilometers or 50 miles south of Moscow. (distance-quantity :quant 80 :unit kilometer) Example

The baby weighs 7.5 pounds or 3.4kg. (weigh-01 :ARG1 baby :ARG2 (mass-quantity :quant 7.5 :unit pound)) Example

Drop abbreviations next to non-abbreviated forms

United States (US) (country :name (name :op1 "United" :op2 "States")) Example

Example: United States (US) [isi_0002.395]
(c / country
     :wiki "United_States"
     :name (n / name
          :op1 "United"
          :op2 "States"))

DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is the hereditary material in humans and almost all other organisms. (material :domain (molecular-physical-entity :name (name :op1 "deoxyribonucleic" :op2 "acid"))) Example

Drop alternate names (incl. in different languages), transliterations, and pronunciations that are supplementary in nature.

Ochamchire or Ochamchira (Georgian: ოჩამჩირე, [ɔtʃʰɑmtʃʰire]; Abkhaz: Очамчыра, Ochamchyra; Russian: Очамчира, Ochamchira) is a seaside city on the Black Sea coast of Abkhazia, Georgia, and a centre of the eponymous district. (c / city :domain (c6 / city :name (n / name :op1 "Ochamchire"))) Example

Do not drop explanations, elaborations in parentheses

He replied to her with a flame (a hostile and insulting email) (flame :ARG1-of (mean-01 :ARG2 email ...)) Example

TDAG51 up-regulation was attenuated by MEK inhibition (Figure 5). (attenuate-01 :ARG1-of (describe-01 :ARG0 (figure :mod 5))) Example

amr-choice

multiple choice question

Do you want tea or coffee? (want-01 :ARG0 you :ARG1 (amr-choice :op1 tea :op2 coffee)) Example

To be or not to be: that is the question. (amr-choice :op1 be-02 :op2 (be-02 :polarity -)) Example

Example: To be or not to be : that is the question . [isi_0002.151]
(a / amr-choice
     :op1 (b / be-02)
     :op2 (b2 / be-02
          :polarity -))

related topic question

amr-empty

usage

To annotate 'sentences' that contain no meaning, e.g. an empty string or some punctuation and function words. In the AMR corpus, such 'degenerate' sentences typically result from incorrect sentence segmentation, e.g. when the string 'READ. The. Previous. Post. In. The. Thread.' was segmented into 7 'sentences' by an automatic tool and then made it into the corpus without human detection and correction. However, such cases are rare.

punctuation
- . [a lone period] (amr-empty) Example
  
  Example: . [isi_0002.795]
  (a / amr-empty)
function word
- the (amr-empty) Example
  
  Example: the [isi_0002.796]
  (a / amr-empty)
disfluency
- uh (amr-empty) Example
  
  Example: uh [isi_0002.798]
  (a / amr-empty)

Sentence	much/many test	very test	Proper concept
The girl is taller than the boy.	Bad: The girl is much/many tall.	Good: The girl is very tall.	have-degree-91
They supplied at a lower price.	Bad: at a much/many low price	Good: at a very low price	have-degree-91
The total was far higher than expected.	Bad: Total was much/many high.	Good: Total was very high.	have-degree-91
He bought as much beer as he could carry.	Good: He bought much beer.	Bad: He bought very beer.	have-quant-91
The product has far more monetary value on the black market.	Good: Product has much monetary value.	Bad: Product has very monetary value.	have-quant-91
You have done more to screw this country up than the Democrats.	Good: You have done much.	Bad: You have done very.	have-quant-91

Comparison	have-org-role-91	have-rel-role-91
Entity types	different e.g. person/organization	same e.g. person/person
No. of roles	1 e.g. president	2 (a pair) e.g. mother/son (2nd role often only implied)

Comparison	have-org-role-91	have-rel-role-91
Entity types	different e.g. person/organization	same e.g. person/person
No. of roles	1 e.g. president	2 (a pair) e.g. mother/son (2nd role often only implied)